Integrating Students with Exceptionalities Essay -- Education

The delivery of education for students with exceptionalities has evolved from complete segregation to the provision of education within unfluctuating classes (Andrews & Lupart, 2000). integrating will be successful if the necessary supports and services are in place within the education dust. Regrettably, the public special education system soon in use in Ontario is not meeting the needs of integrating students with exceptionalities in regular class settings. Even now, many educators believe that segregation of students with disabilities is confirm and not prejudiced (Valeo, 2009). To abolish segregation from the Ontario public school system there is a definite need for strategies. Although there are challenges, there are numerous methods to promote inclusion through integration of exceptional students to include them in standard curriculum classrooms. One of the challenges that Ontario school professionals face is the amalgamation of regular and special education. This integra ted system values, supports individual differences, and works in response to the various strengths, challenges, and experiences of all students. (Andrews & Lupart, 2000). The most debated issue for school professionals and advocates is whether a unified system provides students with better opportunities to learn. The reason for this debate is that school professional question if this type of system will diminish options for exceptional students to receive the individually adapted study them (Boscardin, 2005). The goal of inclusion through integration is to make available instructional strategies that effectively produce acceptable educational results for exceptional students, and can be implemented in a manner promoting inclusion. Educators must a... .... (2000). The Inclusive Classroom Educating Exceptional Children. Scarborough Nelson Thomson Learning.Boscardin, M. L. (2005). The administrative role in transforming secondary schools to support inclusive evedence based practices (Vol. 33). American Secondary Education.Dixon, S. (2005). Inclusion - Not Segregation or Integration Is Where a Student with Special Needs Belonds. The Journal of Educational Thought, 33-53.Harpell, J. V., & Andrews, J. (2010). Administrative Leadership in the Age of Inclusion Promoting Best Practices and Teacher Empowerment. The Journal of Educational Thought, 189-210.Tomlinson, C. (2001). How to differentiate instruction in mixed ability classrooms . Alexandria Association for Supervision and Curriculum.Valeo, A. (2009). Educations enduring prejudices disability at the door. Dordrecht Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Marriage :: essays research papers

Marriage Relationships In marriage realtionships we expected to learn a number of things including the comprimises couple must make with respect to such things as careers, finances, and children. Our initial impressions were that couples must be willing to make these sacrifices in order to eat a long and fulfilling relationship with their spouse. In our word on pre-marital sex we both take holdd that it was fine as long as it was done responsibly, import with the use of contraceptives. We stressed contraceptives because we felt that it was important not only to protect against pregnancy but as well as sexually transmitted diseases. We did until now experience one conflict. Laura felt that love and serious committment should play a major role in whether or not a couple should gull sex prior to marriage. I on the other hand was a little "looser" on the subject. I felt that it should mean something but that there was in like manner much emphazes being placed on serious c ommittment. On the subject of contraception anf family planning we had no disagreements. We felt that before having children we must first be able to establish ourselves financially. So once our respective careers were settled upon we could then plan when we would have children. However, until we did decide to have children we agreed that contraception would be used. The discussion we had on which topics which couples should agree upon was filled with lots of disagreements. We agreed that couples should agree on topics such as issues concerning the children, and major career decisions. We began to disagree on the issues of finances and the scattering of housework. I felt that I should handle all the money as well as do my share of the housework. Laura however, felt that she should be in hinge on of the money and that I should do all the housework. In the end we werent able to settle on anything but we realized that it was important for married couple to agree on these topics becau se they are major decisions that affect both equally. The time we spent together was on our lunches and we discussed different aspects for marriage.

Goethes Faust - A Man of Un-heroic Proportions Essay -- Faust Essays

Faust A Man of Un-heroic Proportions In Faust, Goethe builds a dramatic poem around the strengths and weaknesses of a man who to a lower place a personalized definition of a hero fails miserably. A hero is someone that humanity models themselves and their actions after, someone who can be revered by the mint as an individual of great morality and strength, a man or woman that never sacrifices his beliefs under adversity. Therefore, through his immoral actions and his unwillingness to respect others rights and privileges, Faust is inflexible to be a man of un-heroic proportions. It is seen early in the poem, that Faust has very strong beliefs and a tight moral code that is deeply rooted in his bay for knowledge. Sitting in his den, Faust describes his beas of instruction, I have, alas, studied philosophy, jurisprudence and medicine, too, and, worst of all, theology with keen endeavor, through and through... It is obvious that through his studies he has valued deep and circums tantial thinking, however with the help of Mephisto, he would disregard his values and pursue the pleasures of the flesh. Fausts impending downward spiral reveals the greed that both Mephisto and Faust share. Mephistos greed is evident in the trust that he will overcome Fausts morality and thus be victorious in his wager with God also because he is the devil and that is what he does. For Faust, greed emerges because of his desire to attain physical pleasures and therefore become whole in mind, body and spirit. Fausts goal to become the berminche is an understandable desire, however, the means at which he strives for those ends are irresponsible and unjust. It is through this greed that Faust with the help of Mephisto exploit others in the pursuit... ... dishonest and greedy to such a wondrous and magical location only because he admits that what he did was wrong. Attaining passage into heaven is the only accomplishment that Faust makes in order to attain hero status. Even thi s final accomplishment is questionable, because God would not exit a man so unworthy to accompany people who have such a high moral standard and irrefutable grace. Faust then, neither go under the classical definition of a hero except that he was, ...favored by the gods and he does not fit into my personal definition of a hero. For Faust is not someone whose actions should be followed, he sacrificed his beliefs under adversity and most importantly he destroyed anyones life if it conflicted to any aspect of his plan for superiority. Faust then, may be considered the greatest un hero to have ever attain passage into heaven.

Rachel Carson :: essays research papers

Area of Work. A marine biologist, writer, and an expositor of protecting the environment for the future, Rachel wrote many articles and three moving books about the sea, and a final book, Silent Spring, for which she is remembered. She was not by nature a crusader, but when aerial spraying of DDT killed the birds in a friends bird sanctuary, she began to study the effect of pesticides on the chains of life. Silent Spring provides an authentic and chilling warning that the chemicals we use in pesticides can create greater problems than they intended to solve. Rachel warned that if we do not learn to respect nature we might face a spring when no bird songs could be heard.      Education. At the Pennsylvania College For Women, a required college draw in biology made Rachel change here assumptions about her career. She majored in zoology, and after graduating with honors, she received a scholarship from Johns Hopkins, where she got a Masters Degree in genetics in 1 932.     Challenges. Rachel first broke barriers as a women. She took her first job with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. In 1936 she became the first women to pass the civil service exam. all over the next fifteen years she rose in the ranks until she was the editor of all publications for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.      After resigning from government service, she wrote best selling books. Silent Spring set(p) off a national controversy and made her the subject of attack by the pesticide industriousness. She challenged DDT, whose inventor had received a Nobel prize After reading the book, electric chair Kennedy called for probeing of the chemicals mentioned in the book.      Her Work Background. Her years at U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service coincided with World War II experimentation with deadly chemicals. Insects were used to test these agents. Powerful pesticides were a byproduct of the tests. Rachel was the fi rst one to see the dangerous effects of introducing these deadly agents into our food chain.     Achievements. Rachel set off the controversy between environmentalists and the pesticide industry that is still raging. Silent Spring warns that for "the first time in the history of the World every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals from the wink of our conception until death." Rachel came to be regarded as the mother of the modern environmental movement. "The environment" and "ecology" have since become household words.

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkners The Unvanquished with the Cavem

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkners The Unvanquished with the Caveman of Platos Republic Bayard Sartoris in William Faulkners The Unvanquished is enlightened from an ignorant boy unconcerned with the horrors of war to an intelligent junior man who realizes murder is wrong no matter what the circumstances. His transformation is similar to the cavemans transformation in Platos Republic. Bayard Sartoris journeys through Platos cave and finds truth and goodness at the decease of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Bayard was as ignorant as the caveman. Bayard heard only the stories of war, the cannon and the flags and the anonymous yelling.1 He didnt consider the reality death, bloodshed, and disease. His fathers stories of war were well(p) reflections of the reality, shadows on the wall. Bayard paid no attention to the reasons rear end the war. Bayard just imagined what it would be like to be General Pemberton or General Grant. Faulkners diction in the origin chapter is full of descriptive references to shadows and darkness similar to the description of the wall in Platos cave. Plato described the cave and its prisoners in the fol subalterning way Imagine human beings spiritedness in an underground, cavelike dwelling, with an entrance a long way up, which is both open to the light and as wide as the cave itself Theyve been there since childhood, fixed in the same place, with their necks and legs fettered, able to see only in front of them, because their bonds prevent them from taming their heads around. Light is provided by a fire burning far above and behind them. Also behind them, but on higher ground, there is a path stretching between them and the fire. Imagine that along this path a low wall has b... .... 5. Faulkner, 18. 6. Faulkner, 28. 7. Faulkner, 25. 8. Plato, 169. 9. Faulkner, 60-61. 10. Faulkner, 61. 11. Faulkner, 61. 12. Faulkner, 66. 13. Plato, 169. 14. Faulkner, 153. 15. Faulkner, 171. 16. James Hinkle and Robert McCoy, Reading Faulkner The Unvanquished. (Jackson University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 141. 17. Faulkner, 178. 18. Julia Annas, Understanding and the Good Sun, Line, and Cave, In Platos Republic Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 152-153. 19. Plato, 168. 20. Iris Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good, in Platos Republic Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 174.

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkners The Unvanquished with the Cavem

Comparing Bayard Sartoris of Faulkners The unconquered with the Caveman of Platos republic Bayard Sartoris in William Faulkners The Unvanquished is en atonicened from an ignorant boy unconcerned with the horrors of war to an intelligent young man who realizes murder is wrong no matter what the circumstances. His transformation is similar to the cavemans transformation in Platos Republic. Bayard Sartoris journeys through Platos cave and finds truth and goodness at the end of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Bayard was as ignorant as the caveman. Bayard heard only the stories of war, the cannon and the flags and the anonymous yelling.1 He didnt consider the reality death, bloodshed, and disease. His fathers stories of war were just reflections of the reality, shadows on the wall. Bayard paid no attention to the reasons behind the war. Bayard just imagined what it would be want to be General Pemberton or General Grant. Faulkners diction in the first chapter is full of descriptive references to shadows and darkness similar to the description of the wall in Platos cave. Plato depict the cave and its prisoners in the following way Imagine human beings living in an underground, cavelike dwelling, with an entrance a long way up, which is both open to the light and as wide as the cave itself Theyve been there since childhood, fixed in the same place, with their necks and legs fettered, able to see only in front of them, because their bonds prevent them from taming their heads around. stir up is provided by a fire burning far above and behind them. Also behind them, but on higher ground, there is a course stretching between them and the fire. Imagine that along this path a low wall has b... .... 5. Faulkner, 18. 6. Faulkner, 28. 7. Faulkner, 25. 8. Plato, 169. 9. Faulkner, 60-61. 10. Faulkner, 61. 11. Faulkner, 61. 12. Faulkner, 66. 13. Plato, 169. 14. Faulkner, 153. 15. Faulkner, 171. 16. James Hinkle and Robert McCoy, Reading Faulkner The Unvanquished. (Jackson University Press of Mississippi, 1995), 141. 17. Faulkner, 178. 18. Julia Annas, Understanding and the Good Sun, Line, and Cave, In Platos Republic Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 152-153. 19. Plato, 168. 20. Iris Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good, in Platos Republic Critical Essays, ed. Richard Kraut (Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997), 174.

The Dragon Creature as Fairy Tail Creature

Dragons, for example, are usually giant fearless creatures that destroy anything and everything in their way. They capture maidens, kill knights and possess extraordinary confidence, but the potassium bitartrate in this poem shows none of those characteristics. The majority of his section is filled with complaints about his portrayal in the painting. like the angle he was painted at, and he is distract that two of his feet werent in the painting. He also has no interest in the maiden that he has captured, he actually finds her quite ugly. All he is sorry about is what people are going to think of him, when usually a tartar wouldnt care, all they want to do is kill, and capture, but this dragon shows undersize confidence or interest in those tasks.Traditionally maidens are supposed to be pure at heart and pure at mind, but this maiden is in no way like that. She is very much attracted to the dragon who has captured her and she has no interest in being rescued, by the possibly ugl y knight. Her lust towards that dragon is very strong, and her supposed pure mind is actually quite dirty. Unfortunately, her little crush must end because the dragon was defeated, which meant she might as well break out off with the Knight who saved her, because she needs to think about her future.The knight in this story cares little about the maiden he is saving and more about his credibility as a Knight. He has all the latest horse, and weapons, and he is the most qualified to slay the dragon. He wants to finish the job that was appoint to him and he doesnt understand why this maiden wont just get out of his way so he can rescue her and add another exploit to his already stacked resume. He portrays a more modern mind then the customary knight, and work is most important to him. Each speaker from severally section is showing a different side, then readers would usually see or expect, and the sides they are showing are pretty unpleasant which is why the poem is called Not My Best Side. There is also humor added to the usually serious love story.the dragon, unlike its mythological counterpart has quite a modern vocabulary, use of adjectives like ostentatiously beardless and the idiom old chap suggests an intelligent, well spoken, stereotypical British,Upper Class gentleman, the antithesis of a ferocious monster. The line Not my best side, Im afraid., reveals the dragons self-importance conciousness and obsession with appearance, a reocurring theme.The nouns artist and pose indicate the poem is about a character in a painting and the dragon is highly critical of both the painter, poor people chap, he had this obsession with Triangles, so he left off two of my Feet. and the other characters, Why should my victim be so Unattractive as to be inedible,. It is the comical and conversational tone that makes the dragon so likeable and lots of rhetorical questions draw the reader in, particularly (What, after all, are two feet To a monster?) which, enclosed in b rackets gives the impression the dragon is addressing the reader directly.Continuing the pattern of reversing the stereotypes, the girl is presented as a slightly feminist, with a mind of her own, Its hard for a girl to be sure if She wants to be rescued., not the.

Learning Experience

Learning Experience PSY/211 July 26, 2012 Daysi Brown Learning Experience Many Americans have fears of all kinds. 1 fear is roller coasters. Individuals who have this type of fear whitethorn also have the fear of heights and how high the drop is on a intertwine or how fast the coaster goes. They have the feeling as if they are going to fall if up too high or how queasy their stomach may feel with the thought of approaching the big loop. This type of behavior can come from something as little as tripping off a declare or falling off a bike which triggers them to be afraid or fearful of anything that is high up.When it comes to individuals with the fear of roller coaster there is something in the approximation telling them that they are too high up which makes them fearful of the coaster or just the thought of getting on and actually riding The classical condition type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a reaction after it is paired with a stimulus that b y nature brings about a response. The learning experience of this type of conditioning is to overcome the fear by trying to find ways to be able to fluff the roller coaster.Another way is to research and find ways to help with the feeling of heights and the fear of roller coasters There are ways that to help with this fear by trying to figure out the natural response of the feeling of riding the coaster. Operant conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened of weakened, dependent on its favorable or unfavorable consequences. The experience of this conditioning is to have a feeling

Major Cultural Sporting Events and It’s Benefits

This essay give evaluate the benefits and d peeledbacks of Glastonbury fiesta to the topical anaesthetic community. It will principal(prenominal)ly focus on the economic impact on the topical anaesthetic community of Glastonbury, Pilton and Mendip but will too examine the social impact of the fete. feasts whitethorn be recurrent level(p)ts (at intervals of a year of more) such as Glastonbury or one-off affairs like the Armada celebrations of 1988. A fiesta may be over in a day, a weekend or last a fortnight or more. Most fiestas include associated activities, even if they a predominately one art form in concept (Waters, 1989, pp 57).Glastonbury Festival could be described as a multiethnical feast, as outlined by Wilson and Udall (1982, pp 4-6, cited in Hall, 1992, pp 26) who state that multicultural festivals argon, festivals representing the cultural materials of some cultures. With few exceptions, audiences tend to be multitude who atomic number 18 not of the cultur es presented. Organisers tend to be academics or eclectic fans of the folk arts with the control of the events likely to be in the hands of a non-profit institution.Glastonbury Festival donates the legal age of their profits to charitable causes and attracts a diverse range of different stack and cultures, from the folk fan to the raver. Glastonbury Festival for Contemporary Performing Arts was started by the proprietor of Worthy Farm, Michael Eavis, in 1970 and has continued to grow each year since then, with the 2000 festival attracting in excess of 150,000 people (BBC, 2002). Glastonbury Festival is now one of the most well known festivals in the world this festival is now a multi-media, international event (Avon and Somerset Constabulary, 2002).Hall (1992) highlights some of the benefits to the local community of entertaining a festival, he says undoubtedly, festivals and programs of special events provide opportunities for communities to expand the markets of existing firms and attract new businesses and commercial interests, and perhaps raise the overall attractiveness of the areas as places to settle. However, the nature of impacts varies with the age and stance of the event and the size of the community in which it takes place (Wall and Mitchell, 1989, p132, cited in Hall, 1992, pp 47).An event such as Glastonbury Festival, however, may not attract the type of people or businesses that the local residents would approve of and this could create conflicts within the local community. There is a great deal of support for Glastonbury Festival from the local community who benefit from it in many ways, which will be discussed later on in this essay. The Glastonbury Tourist Information Centre show their support for the festival on their website, The town of Glastonbury has gained hugely from its association with the Glastonbury Festival.In particular, PTA groups, Carnival Clubs, playschools, local charities and businesses are among the many organisations that suck in benefited from its success. Therefore we, as a community, would like to show our support for the festival and thank Michael Eavis for bringing us all such a wonderful event. (Glastonbury TIC, 2002). However, there are also a number of local residents who are opposed to the festival due to the problems caused by the quantity and quality of those attending. These views will also be discussed later on in this essay by reviewing the minutes of the meeting by Mendip District Council for the 2002 endorse application.Glastonbury Festivals Ltd. (GFL) have provided a great deal of information as to how the festival financially benefits the local community. A summary of this information will follow. In total, from January 2000 to December 2000, GFL donated ? 703,158. 97 to various charitable organisations worldwide. Of the total amount, ? 289,613. 72 is donated to local causes. These local causes vary from gondolanival clubs and schools to various sporting clubs, many of whi ch believe on funding from the festival to continue.A letter to Mendip District Council (2002), in support of the festival, from a local child states, we could loose our carnival if he Michael Eavis doesnt do this Glastonbury Festival, because a lot of carnival clubs go up there to raise money to build their floats that cost thousands to make and weve always had Pilton Pop Festival in the past. Three cheers to Michael Eavis. Herbert (2001) states that, in response to the questionnaire 74 percent of local residents asked say that the festival provides financial funding for local charities and schools.From the information provided by GFL it raft be seen that it is not just through donations that the local community is benefited financially from the festival but also by an step-up in business at the time of the festival. A total of 316 local businesses received 3,308,625. 78, from January 2000 to December 2000, by conduct spending from GFL. This level of financial input from GFL is much needed by local firms especially due to their rural location. We have a lot of support locally. The economy relies on the festival what with the demise of the agriculture industry. The economic teddy is very, very strong, said Mr Eavis (BBC, 2002).It is more than likely that, yet again, many of these local companies rely on the annual spending from GFL. However, it is not lone(prenominal) through direct spending from GFL that local businesses benefit. All businesses associated with leisure and tourism benefit from the festival, from appointment to shops and pubs, the publican from the Crown in Pilton said, It was a magnificent boost to trade, with goose egg lost, nothing stolen and nothing broken we didnt have to close the doors to anyone (GFL, 2002). In the weeks prior to the festival itself, those actually setting up the festival site use many of these local amenities.A proportion of people who come to the festival, including workers, performers and festival goers, ch oose not to camp on site and look to local hotels and bed and breakfasts for their accommodation (GFL, 2002). Shepton Mallet, Glastonbury and Wells Tourist Information Centres all state that all of the accommodation on their books is fully booked at the time of the festival. There are also a number of local residents who open their homes up for paying guests over the festival period. As a result of the festival therefore, in excess of ? 250,000 is washed-out in the local community on accommodation (GFL, 2002).Local garages also benefit from the number of cars arriving on site at the festival, Mendip District Council quotes that there were a total of 57,000 cars in the official and unofficial car parks in 2000. Many of these vehicles would have used local garages for fuel, assuming each car only spent ? 10 this amounts to ? 570,000 spent on fuel (GFL, 2002). At the 2000 festival GFL directly employed 1600 people, twenty five percent of whom were employed from the local area. oer 347 ,175 was spent on local employment, this amounted to over 55% of the total monies spent on wages for the 2000 festival (GFL, 2002).Local business also benefited by having stalls at the 2000 festival, of the 770 stalls at the festival fifteen percent were local businesses. GFL (2002) states that, It is our policy to try to accommodate local traders in preference to those coming from march on a field. It is clear to see from the information provided by GFL that they make a immense effort to involve the local community as much as possible in the festival and a large proportion of the direct spending and donations from the profits go directly to the local community.Glastonbury Festival is a cultural event it can therefore be said that it can function to promote cultural tourism within the local community. Cultural tourism is defined by The World Tourism Organisation (1985, p6, cited in Hall, 1992 pp 23) as bear uponments of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as stud y tours, performing arts and cultural tours, prompt to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art and pilgrimages. As the Festival is such a well-known event it probably promotes tourism even when the festival is not actually on.Those who have heard of the festival may want to visit Glastonbury at other times of the year. GFL are aware of the festivals ability to promote tourism in the local area, as stated by the Commercial Manager, the festival brings a lot of money into the local area, and gives it a boost in tourism (Commercial Manager of the Glastonbury Festival, 2001, cited in Herbert, 2001). However, Van Harssel (1994, cited in Herbert, 2001) stated that a greater level of tourist activity may cause increased overcrowding and congestion, which in itself affects residents daily lives.An investigation by Herbert in 2001, into community participation in the planning and management of the Glastonbury Festival, show s that one of the major drawbacks recognised by the organisers and residents is traffic congestion. She goes on to say this can be supported by Murphy (1985) who believes that one of the most frequently stated irritant for the host community residents is congestion amongst the community. Such a massive annual influx of festival-goers into the area will easily cause heavy congestion in such a small rural area.It is obvious that this huge festival will have some kind of negative impact, both economically and socially, to the local area. The main economic drawback of the festival is the cost to the local community of dealing with crime and other associated problems actually outside the festival site and the pressure put on local services such as hospitals and the police. This is confirmed by Mendip District Council (2002) The Glastonbury Festival attracts more than 100,000 people every year.It doubles the population of Mendip district and bad stretches the capacity of local services, such as the police, fire and hospitals. At the 2000 festival a total of 3237 patients were dealt with, 127 of which were referred to local hospitals and the helicopter was used twice (Festival Medical Services, 2000). The festival costs the NHS 40,000 plus many empty beds in case of emergencies (Mendip District Council, 2002). The Somerset Fire Brigade were called to thirty-four incidents at the 2000 festival (Somerset Fire Brigade, 2000).A report from Avon and Somerset Constabulary (2002), complied for the licence application for the 2002 festival, states that it can be reasonably predicted that recorded crime in the Mendip District overall will increase by 30 percent in the financial year 2002/03 if a licence is granted. This level of increase in crime puts a considerable strain on the local police, especially seeing as a great deal of the crime is actually committed outside of the festival perimeter, the car parks and areas immediately outside the perimeter fence are gathering po ints for organised touts and criminal gangs (Mendip District Council, 2002).One the major problems for the local police is commanding the huge number of people that turn up at the festival without a ticket in the hope of get over the fence. Many of these people congregate close to the festival sites and unlicensed raves attended by those who cannot get into the festival cause a considerable amount noise that affects local residents. During the 2000 festival 400 vehicles (2000+ people) arrived for an unlicensed off-site rave.Of the 98 noise complaints that Mendip District Council received in the year 2000 from distressed local people, seven complaints related to the official festival the rest derived from the off-site rave (Mendip District Council, 2002). The cost of policing the 2000 festival was 1. 25 million. The festival pays 40 percent the taxpayers pay the rest causing tremendous bolt on police resources (Mendip District Council, 2002). The festival also attracts the travell ing community, many of whom then stay in the district and are very difficult to move on.One of the many reports submitted to the licensing board, from Mendip District Council (2002), highlights some of the detrimental effects to the environment caused by the festival. The wildlife, where it still exists, does a general exodus. The festival creates a million gallons of raw sewage, which helps to pollute the River Whitelake. 60,000 cars and coaches come into the district, which with the numerous fires and smoke machines etc help to create a haze like an industrial smog over Pilton.The festival creates 1000 stacks of rubbish, very little of which is recycled. From the information that has been examined for this essay, it is rather difficult to determine overall whether the positive impacts of the festival outweigh the drawbacks. It also depends on whom you speak to in the local community with regards to how they feel about the festival. Mendip District Council receive many letters and phone calls from local residents some showing support for the festival and other from residents who are wholly opposed to it.It is clear that GFL make a great deal of effort to donate to local charities and to support local businesses, but it seems that not large is being done to combat the detrimental effects caused by the festival. As stated by Herbert (2001) in her conclusion, in general, more members of the host community agree that the festival brings more disadvantages to the community than benefits, although this could be improved with the community having greater involvement in the planning and management of the Glastonbury Festival.The 2001 festival did not go ahead as it was felt by the licensing board and the police that it would not be safe and following the 2000 festival the festival organisers were fined 6,000 for breaches of the licence conditions (Mendip District Council, 2002). This has meant that the conditions of the licence for the 2002 Glastonbury Festival are much more stringent, with the festival organisers this year stating No Ticket, No Festival (GFL, 2002). The festival organisers are combating the huge problem of the number of people turning up without tickets, which appear to be those who cause the most problems in the local area.There will be stricter controls with regards to stopping those with no ticket getting anywhere near the festival. Off site car parks are proposed with buses running to the festival site for only those with a ticket (GFL, 2002), however, it will not be clear until the festival actually happens as to whether this will be effective, it may just cause more problems within the local area. It is clear from the interrogation undertaken that a great deal of effort has been put into trying to ensure that the problems caused by previous festivals are not repeated.An organisation called Mean Fiddler have taken over the running of the festival, they have experience of managing other large-scale cultural events such as the Reading Festival and Homelands (www. meanfiddler. com, 2002). Hopefully this will help to make Glastonbury 2002 safe and fun and a great deal more pleasant for the local community. If the conditions of the licence are breached this year it is almost certain that Glastonbury Festival will not be allowed to continue, it is therefore up to all of those involved and all of those who support the festival to make sure that it is successful.

Desensitization and Media Violence

Discuss the family relationship between emphasis in the media emphasis in the society. Does military group in the media make people more tolerant of violence in the society? Also, does violence in the media cause people to be experience lashingly? The impact of violence in the media relating to the society is an intense topic discussed in this century. Gerbner defined violence as a threat or use of carnal force, directed against the self or otherwises in which physical harm or death is involved (cited in Giddens, 2006, p. 610).The media includes different means of communication, such as television, radio, newspapers, exposure games internet etc. People make use of media as a source of information, entertainment and leisure activity (Brown, 2005, p. 161). According to ODonnell (2005), the two chief(prenominal) roles of the media are to make profit in terms of money and promote particular ideology. The information that people guarantee, hear or read has great lure on peopl es identities, values and interests. It also affects the way people think and act regarding particular issues based on the provided evidence (Brown, 2005,p. 62). However, people energise ability to evaluate and decide what they hear, see or read based on their social experiences, ethnic origin, social class and gender (Brown, 2005, p. 185). Now, the questions arise as, what is the relationship between media violence and the violence in the society? Whether media violence cause people to behave violently or it desensitizes people? Throughout this century, sociologists and researchers have examined these issues and have attempted to explain or disprove it using different theories and researches.In the first place, the media plays great role in shaping values, attitudes and demeanor through norm compass schedule. It reinforces conformity to social norms and discourages non-conformist behaviour (Brown, 2005, p. 169). It also provides other information that the society feels importan t like weather and health. However, conflict approach declares that the media controls ideas and thoughts of the society through agenda setting and gate keeping (Brown, 2005, p. 169). In addition to that, the media used to enlarge the news of crime and violence to keep people occupied with these issues.For example, attacks older people, stabbing, raping and tintinnabulation fights get over reported (Brown, 2005,p. 182). Thompsons theory of earreach models stated that interaction between media and people is mediated quasi-interaction which means there is no compositors case to face or direct connection. So, it leaves the viewers in a discussion of unanswered questions. This promotes ideology and influence of what media wants on people (Giddens, 2006, p. 604). The gratification model audience uses the media for what they want and ignore the rest.Instead, hypodermic model audience what they hear, see or read without thinking about it (Giddens, 2006, p. 608&609). So, physically or e motionally excited viewers become easily stimulated by violence (Anderson & Wartell, 2003, p. 85). According to Brown (2005), estimates suggest young viewers will see around 13000 murders on television. Osofsky & Eisenberg (1995&2000) stated that exposure to violence undermine the phylogeny of emotion regulation skills. This leads to aggressive behaviour, attitudes and loss of problem solving strategies (cited in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 24).It also set up moral evaluation, as a result the viewer fails to perceive or respond to signs (Eron, 2001, cited in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). Researchers and sociologists refer these effects as desensitization. desensitisation occurs due to repeated exposure to hearty life violence (Ceballo et al. , 2001, cited in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). Likewise, fictional violence like movies and idiot box games also contribute to the violence behaviour (Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). The media produces a powerful desensitization intervention on a glo bal level (Science Daily, 2006). Furthermore, desensitization is divided into two categories.When, the viewer pose desensitise or blunting of emotional reaction to violent events is called emotional desensitization. When people start reacting that violence is nonhing extraordinary, it is kind of daily routine is called cognitive desensitization (Funk et al. , 2004, p. 26). A study was conducted to examine desensitization by Drabman & Thomas (1974). In this study, the children who viewed violent movie needed adult help to avoid the aggressive thinking towards the scenes. The standard of time that people spend on watching violent media leads to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Schechter, 2010). onslaught is largely based on the activation and application of aggression-related friendship structures stored in memory (Bushman & Anderson, 2002). Later, Molitor & Hirsch (1994) confirmed that viewing violence increases tolerance of violence (cited in Funk et al. , 2004, p. 26). I t is believed that fictional violence desensitizes people to real life violence by letting the viewer engaging in violent actions (Funk et al, 2004, p. 27). A research by Funk (2004) revealed that exposure to video game violence was associated with outset empathy and stronger pro violence attitudes.The social cognitive theory suggests that due to repeated exposure to media violence the person undergoes psychological desensitization. This theory explains how people acquire and celebrate certain behavioral patterns, while also providing the basis for intervention strategies (Bandura, 1997). According to Bushman & Anderson (2001), scientific evidence was sufficient to claim that media violence exposure was positively conjugate to significant violent behaviors and that even short-term exposure was sufficient to cause increases in aggressive behavior (cited in Bushman & Anderson, 2002).The basis for future social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development is laid during early chi ldhood. They can be manipulated and victimized by the media violence. Concerns about child exposure to violent media have increase as television and video games have shown more violence (Schechter, 2010). single of the main theories is the Banduras social learning theory. This theory mainly outlines that children learn violent acts after seeing them. One of the main problems faced by children, who heavily watch television, is decrease in consciousness of pain and sufferings of others.Furthermore, they tend to be more apprehensive and alert of their surroundings. In addition to this, they resort to choose more aggressive and harmful choices towards others. Psychologists have uncovered that high exposure of violent video games can be tie in to delinquency, fighting at school and during free play periods, and brutal miserable actions (Anderson & Bushman, 2007). The severity of violent acts from other types of media such as computer games and movies has also increased rapidly. The mo st recent type of media violence is the violent video games (Bushman & Anderson, (2002). Violent films and programs that probably have the most deleterious effects on children are not always the ones that adults and critics believe are the most violent (APA, 2003). Researchers have developed several theories proving that society is affected by the influence of the media. A number of children were shown a video in which a person beats a Bobo doll. Then they were put into a room with a Bobo doll to check whether the child imitates the behavior. afterward it was implied, this theory proved that children imitated media violence. In addition to that, childhood ith aggression, later in life erupts criminal behaviours like spouse abuse and homicide (Anderson et al, Wartell, 2003, p. 81). Another research conducted by the psychologists, revealed that children who watch violent movies, games and TV programs had been convicted of crimes at over three times the rate of other men when they gro w up (APA, 2003). Children get immune to the media violence they starts to imitate it (AACAP, 2011). Repeated exposure to violent media grows wide array of aggressive and violent behaviours and later it reforms as aggressive and criminal behaviour (Bushman & Anderson, 2002).The General Aggression model by Bushman & Anderson (2002) has proven their theory on the relationship between violence in media cause people to behave violently. When an environmental situation appears ambiguous, an psyche may rely on what they have seen, heard or read to interpret that situation as hostile, warranting aggressive action (Ferguson et al. , 2008). Moreover, Peterson & Pfost (1989) discovered that exposure to non-erotic violent music videos led adversarial sexual beliefs and negative effects on men.Similarly, another research proved that sexually subordinate images of women leads to teen dating violence in real life situations (Johnson et al. Reed, 1995, cited in Anderson et al. , 2003, p. 89). The media also play a remarkable role in contagion of violence. It is believed that well known persons suicide increase the likelihood that other people will also take their own lives (Phillips, 1979 & Simon 1979, cited in Anderson et al, p. 89). A specific reason for the reason of violence in the society has not been discovered.One of the main causes of this is not being able to employ a standardized measure of aggression and media violence. Measuring violent criminal behavior in laboratory studies would clearly be unethical (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). Furthermore scholars tend to not report negative findings in their researches. Despite all the research, there has been very little reliable evidence that media violence causes aggressive behavior. Media violence studies cannot be completely relied upon as they fail to account for third variables.Researchers acknowledge that other variables may play a role in aggression and that aggression is due to a confluence of variables (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). These variables include genetics, personality and exposure to family violence. They explain wherefore some people show violent behavior. However, the catalyst model approach reveled that these factors interact with each other (Ferguson et al. , 2008, p. 314). All things considered, that there are several angles that show the violence in the media has a correlation with the society.It also could associates with desensitization of the people. We cry at sad movies, laugh at outrageous comedies and pump our fist whenever something explodes. What we see in films and video games invokes a physical response. If it can influence to our physical response, there is a high chance that it could influence out mental and behaviour as well. References Brown, K. , (2005), An introduction to sociology, Third edition ODonnel, G. , (2005), Mastering Sociology, Palgrave Master Series, Fourth edition Giddens, A. , (2006), Sociology, Fifth edition Funk, J. B. et al.Baumgardner, (2004), Violence exposure in real life, video games, television, movies and the internet is there desensitization? , Academic Press,Toledo USA Anderson, C. A. et al. (2003), The influence of media violence on youth, American Physiological Society Schechter, D. S. et al. (2009), Is Maternal PTSD Associated with great Exposure of Very Young Children to Violent Media? , National Institute of Health American Physiological Association (APA), (2003), Childhood Exposure to Media Violence Predicts Young bad Aggressive Behavior, According to a New 15-Year Study, Available from file///S/media-violence. spx. htm American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, (2011),Children And TV Violence, Available from file///S/children_and_tv_violence. htm Ferguson, C. J. et al (2008), VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES AND AGGRESSION Causal Relationship or Byproduct of Family Violence and Intrinsic Violence Motivation? , Texas A&M internationalistic University Bushman, B. J & Anderson, C. A. (2001) Media Violence and the American Public Scientific Facts Versus Media Misinformation Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy The exercise of control Huesmann L R. 2007) The impact of electronic media violence Scientific theory and research. Bushman, B. J & Anderson, C. A. (2002)Violent tv Games and Hostile ExpectationsA Test of the General Aggression Model, Iowa State University Science Daily (2006), Psychologists Produce First Study On Violence Desensitization From tv set Games, Available From http//www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2006/07/060727162108. htm Stickland, J. (Does violence in movies and video games desensitize us to the real thing? Available from http//electronics. howstuffworks. com/violence-desensitize. htm

Education of the Middle Ages Essay

Education, as we know it today, did not exist in the Middle Ages. Illiteracy was dominant among the creation. Scribes were the exception to the convention. performes were the main source of knowledge and give lessonsing. Real provoke in learning grew along with the development of towns. The towns officials needed to be educated. At the same time a need for legal institutions was created and so started the university phenomenon. Modern bringing up was on its way. T here were few schools in the Middle ages, so everyone had contain education. redden the Lord of the Manor was often unable to read or write. more(prenominal) of the outset schools were Cathedral schools. As well as Parish, Monastic, and Palace schools. Here people learned a particular role in society. Naturally the old job was training the clergy in their professional duties as priests of the Christian people. The bishop was the head of the complex and he had a staff of priest to help him with the several of th e diocese. These skills that were taught here were reading, singing of hymns, church law, writing of documents and the performing of Church duties and sacraments.An example of educating for a specific role in life were the Knights who had learn how to fight with divers(a) weapons so that they could fight for their king. The common people, however, had no way of being educated other than going a monastic school. However, if they did this, they had to donate their property to the church. The people who went to this school posterior become monks or nuns. They had to follow three important laws chastity, obedience, and the law or the lord if not followed they would be thrown out of the monastery.Most monasteries had a rule of silence monks could not talk which other except for a short period of time. During meals one monk tycoon read passages from the bible while the others mediated. Even though monks lives seem to be so hard it was the best place to go for a good education for anybo dy from a king to a beggar (Monasteries 488-499). Women took part in monastic life by living in a convent under a direction of an abbess. Known as nuns, they wore simple robes and wrapped a white cloth called a wimple around their face and neck.They alternated prayer with spinning, weaving, and embroiling items such as tapestries and banners. They also taught needlework and the medicinal use of herbs to daughters of nobles (Couglin A6). Although monks and nuns lived unconnected from society, they were not completely isolated. Indeed, they played a crucial role in medieval intellectual and social life. Since few people could read or write, the firm clergy preserved ancient and the classical writings. Scribes copied all the books by hand working in a small drafty room with one candle or a small window for light.Illuminated manuscripts decorated with rich colors and intricate pictures indicate that, although the task was through with(p) with hard work, it was also lovingly done (M onastaries 499-501). Monasteries and convents provided not only schools for spring chicken people, and hospitals for the sick, food for the needy, and a home for travelers who need a place to stay (Monasteries 499-501). Cathedral schools were there to train higher-member of the Church in their professional duties as ministers of the Christian people. The bishop in whose Cathedral complex the school was located needed a group of trained priests to administer the various needs dioceses.The Cathedral school largely emphasized practical skills, effective reading, singing, and knowledge of Church Law, public speaking and the administration of the holy sacraments (Corbishely 28). At first the university was not so much a place as it was a group of scholars organized like a guild for the purpose of learning. Classes were held in rented cortege or churches even in the open air. Books were scarce. In most classes teacher read the text and discussed it, while students took notes on slates or memorized as much culture as possible. Classes did, however meet regularly schedule.University rules established the obligations of the students and the teachers toward each other. To qualify as a teacher students had to pass an exam leading to a degree, or a certificate of completion (Cantor 58). By the end of the 1200s universities had spread throughout Europe. Most southern European universities were model after the law school at Bologna, Italy, and specialized in law and medicine. Universities in Northern Europe on the contrary, specialized in liberal arts in Theology. These were generally modeled after the University of Paris (Bailey 89).At medieval universities, scholars studied Latin classics and Roman law in depth. They also acquired knowledge from the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and from the Islamic cognition in the sciences. This interest in the physical world eventually led a rise of western science (Schools 291-292). Many church leading debate the st udy of Aristotles works, fearing that his ideas feared the Christian teachings. In contrast some scholars thought that new knowledge could be used ideas. The applied Aristotle philosophy to theological questions and authentic a system of thought called scholasticism.This new type of learning emphasized reason as well as the faith in the interpretations of Christian doctrine. scholastic sought to bring back classical philosophy along side with the teachings of the Church. They believed that knowledge could be integrated into a coherent whole (Schools 295). One scholastic teacher, Peter Aberlard taught theology in Paris during the early 1100s. In his book Sic et Non, he collected statements from the bible writings of early Christian leaders that showed both sides of controversial questions.Abearld then had his students reconcile the difference though logic. In the 1200s the most important scholastic thinker was Thomas Aquinas a brilliant theologian and philosopher who taught philos ophy in Naples and France. In his work Summa Theolgica Aquinas claimed that reason was a gift from god that could provide answers to basic philosophical questions. The Catholic later accepted and promoted Aquinass way of teaching and thinking (Schools 310). The education of a sawhorse proceeded in a way similar to that of many medieval occupations.At an early age the prospective knight was apprenticed to serve as a page, or attendant, in a knights household. In his teens the page graduated to the status of a squire and received more responsibilities. As a squire the boy tended his knights horses and armor, but he also gained his first battle experience. Several squires were usually apprenticed to a knight at the same time and on the battlefield they might fight as a small band of infantry around their master. Here they acquired the many skills in arms necessary for their profession.To graduate to the status of a knight, a squire usually performed some heroic deed in battle. The squ ire was welcomed into the order of knights by being dubbed with a sword or slapped in the face by his lord. Afterwards the new knight would receive his fief, or gift of land. As the cult of chivalry developed in the 12th and thirteenth centuries, knighting ceremonies became more involved. Often they occurred at court, and a knights dubbing might be preceded by a religious vigil in which the knight vowed to uphold Christian and chivalric principles (Davies 12-13).Finally the Renaissance, or rebirth of learning, began in Europe in the 14th century and reached its height in the 15th century. Scholars became more interested in the humanist features that is, the secular or worldly rather than the religious aspects of the Greek and Latin classics. Humanist educators found their models of literary style in the classics. The Renaissance was a particularly powerful force in Italy, most notably in art, literature, and architecture. In literature, the works of such Italian writers as Dante Ale ghieri, Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio became curiously important (Renaissance 228-229).Humanist educators designed teaching methods to prepare well-rounded, liberally educated persons. Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus was particularly influential. Erasmus believed that understanding and conversing about the meaning of literature was more important than memorizing it, as had been required at many of the medieval religious schools. He advised teachers to study such fields as archeology, astronomy, mythology, history, and Scripture (Renaissance 220). The finesse of the printing press in the mid-15th century made books more widely available and increased literacy rates.But school attendance did not increase greatly during the Renaissance. Elementary schools educated middle-class children while lower-class children received little, if any, formal schooling. Children of the nobility and upper classes attended humanist secondary schools (Bailey 112). Educational opportunities for wom en improved close to during the Renaissance, especially for the upper classes. Some girls from wealthy families attended schools of the royal court or received private lessons at home.The curriculum studied by young women was still based on the belief that only certain subjects, such as art, music, needlework, dancing, and poetry, were suited for females. For working-class girls, especially rural peasants, education was still limited to training in household duties such as cooking and sewing (Couglin, A8). As it shows education the Middle Ages seems to be so diverse and a startle point for modern education. But the reader must always keep in mind only about five percent of the whole population did all of these educational activities.

Death of a Salesman – Write a critical appreciation of the Requiem

In Death of a Salesman milling machine fuses the realist and expressionist styles with an ultimately realist purpose. Throughout the course of the get, we light upon the positions of Willy Lomans last two years of life intertwined and overlapped with those of his memories and fantasies. This use of daydream scenes is an expressionistic device. However, it is not only these memory scenes which can be said to be expressionistic, as some of the expressionistic scenes in the count take place in the present, when Willy is not even there, and therefore cannot be said to be a result of his troubled mind.One of these scenes is the Requiem, when the characters contain the wall lines to come downstage, and the apron represents the graveyard. As Willy is already dead, this cannot be thought of as a distortion of his mind. This extension of expressionistic devices to non-memory scenes fronts to suggest that we the audience see them through Willys eyes. Brian Parker suggests that this tec hnique forces the audience to become Willy Lomans for the duration of the play. We see in the requiem scene how Willys dream of a large funeral, like Dave Singlemans, to prove to his boys how well-liked he was, proves to be just another(prenominal) false dream.Above all, Willy seems to prize the emotional appeal of being popular, like Singleman, and it seems to be social standing that really motivates him. His expectancy that his funeral would be well attended by all those who liked and watch overed him was a false hope and the belief that he was respected is clearly unfounded. both of the boys feel his death was unnecessary. gifteds feeling that he could have helped Willy is just another empty Loman speech, devoid of any real meaning.We see during the course of the play that Happy neglects to give Willy any help whatsoever, he abandons his father in the restaurant and as Linda points out in Act Two Not one, not another living soul would have had the cruelty to walk out on that man in a restaurant. puncher does not see his father as a failure, he realises that Willy had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong. While both boys have absorbed their fathers ideas, Happy lives them and is determined to beat that racket, Biff has now realised that he doesnt have to conform to a society which measures spate in terms of popularity and material wealth.Biffs declaration, I know who I am, proves to us that he has realised his fathers limitations, epoch Happy seems to have inherited his fathers trait of self-delusion. Millers characters speak with realism, as American people of this era actually did, and do not have long say speeches about their innermost feelings. At such an emotional time Charleys remark that Willy was a happy man with a batch of cement may seem inappropriate but we have to take into account that ordinary people do not speak in poetic language.Charleys speech in this scene is one of the most memorable passages in the play. It serves as a kind of eu logy, which removes blame from Willy as an individual by explaining the gruelling demands and high expectations of his profession. Charleys admiration and respect for Willy is evident in the line Nobody dast blame this man, and his speech demands that we should admire Willy for his drive and dream. Charley observes that a salesmans life is a constant upward struggle to remove himself and he supports his dreams on the power of his own image riding on a smile and a shoeshine. What started out as a tribute to Willy becomes a generalisation towards all salesmen, Miller points out that there are many low-men. Charley points out that when the salesmans advertising self-image fails to inspire smiles from customers, he is finished in Willys case this was psychologically, emotionally and physically as well as his career. According to Charley a salesman is got to dream, this substitution of is for has seems to indicate a necessity for a salesman. Miller suggests that the salesman is literal ly begotten with the resole purpose of dreaming.Many writers of this era were concerned at the increasing emphasis on materialism and consumerism, such as Steinbeck. In many ways Willy has done everything that the American stargaze of unrestrained individualism and assured material victory outlines as the path to success. He has a home and a cheat on of modern appliances he has raised a family and journeyed forth into the business world full of hope and ambition. In spite of all this Willy has failed to receive the gains that the American Dream promises.Millers contempt for a society in which a man is worth more dead than alive is obvious. Death of a Salesman condemns the American Capitalist society, which throws people on the scrap heap as soon as they are unable to contribute to the financial gain of others. On the opening night of this play Miller recalls a woman angrily describing the play as a time-bomb under American Capitalism. We see how the Requiem does not allow this , that the Lomans are assoil. Miller rejects the view that this is a play designed to overthrow the social system of America.He claims that aims rather to destroy this pseudo life that thought to touch the clouds by standing on top of a refrigerator. The American Dream and the way in which capitalist society measures people in terms of material success is once again condemned in Charleys line No man only needs a little salary, suggesting that no man can live on money and materiality alone without an emotional or spiritual life to provide meaning. Lindas feeling that Willy is just on another trip suggests that Willys hope for Biff to succeed with the insurance money will not be fulfilled.One could even wonder whether or not the family received the insurance money as no mention is made of it, although this could also be interpreted as the money is of no real importance to them. It is bitterly ironic that a man, who kills himself because he feels a failure, fails in death. Lindas co mment also seems to strip Willys death of any of its imagined dignity the trip Willy has now undertaken, will end just as gainlessly as the trip from which he has just returned from as the play opens.Lindas statement were free which is repeated three ways can be interpreted in three different ways, Willy is now free from earthly unhappiness. The couple are free from the need to earn money for the mortgage and, in another sense, the family is free to act without the pressure of Willys dreams. In this scene we see no more of Willys memories, there are no expressionistic devices such as Ben, who represents Willys desire for success.Bens absence suggests that Willy has finally achieved the success that he so desperately wanted in life but could never realize. The expressionistic device of the flute motif that opens the play also ends it we see how Miller parallels the structure of the play throughout. The haunting flute music, which symbolises Willys pursuit of the American Dream of f reedom and success, and the visual imprint of the solid neglect of apartment house, seem to suggest that nothing has really changed and Willy dies just as deluded as he lived.

Pfizer Inc/Warmer-Lambert Co. Essay

Pfizer is sensation of the petabiting pharmaceutical companies in United States. Its headquarters are in New York City and it is the proprietor of the drug Lipitar, an atorvastatin which is exampled to lower cholesterol in the blood. The union produces a big range of otherwise precuts. Pfizer acquired Warmer-Lambert in 2000. The devil had been the kick ining companies in the seek based pharmaceuticals. In 1999 Pfizer had been named the quickest growing pharmaceutical community in its industry. Warmer-Lambert had been the Second (http//www.pfizer.com/home/).Warner-Lambert as well as deals with pharmaceuticals. The fellowship has grown through science which started in 1962 when it acquired Ameri net Chide Company which produced gums and mints. American Chide Company was the owner of the Adams brand which was well known around the humans.The union between Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert was as a result of observation of the market placeplace trends in the industry and in the g lobal economy. The global market has been characterized by slow growth. The market was not expanding at the same rate as it has before. It seemed as if it was experiencing a slack in growth. Thus for the companies to continue operating profitability there was need to capture a bigger share of the market and reduce competition. Because the market was not expanding at a good rate expansion of the companies operations could only be practicable through taking over a bigger share of the existing market. This cal lead for greater and more effective efforts in competition (Mercola J. 2000).One way to develop competitive reward is through cost cutting and concerted efforts. Merging the cardinal fastest growing companies in the industry could effectively achieve this. two companies were strong players in the market and have power gave them a force that could enable them acquires additional share of the market from the other competitors. Merging also could enable the companies make conc erted efforts in marketing and other ventures hence saving on cost. Cost reducing leave serve up the companies gain competitive advantage in the market (http//www.secinfo.com/dsVsj.599.htm1stPage).Expiration of a number of key patents was another study trend in the market. Both of the companies are question based and had been guardianship patents which had been key to their operations. Expiry of these patents meant the companies were loosing their hold in the market. Many other competitors were due to come in the market. Entry of additional competitors could inflate be and m ay lead to reduction of profits. Merging could overhaul the companies to cut on this cost increase and compete more effectively in the market. look for and ripening costs were increase at a higher rate. The significance of research and development was gaining smart heights in the modern business environment. Because of the high competition and the rapidly changing business conditions the need for vir gin initiations in operations and products has increase. More efforts and investment in research and development have been necessitated. These together with other brokers have led to significance increase in Research and development costs. Both Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert are research based and merging them lead enable them collaborate in Research and hence reduce cost effectively. Through their combined efforts the companies will be able to do more effective research.The role of e- work in business is changing significantly with many more business transactions existence carried out though e-commerce. thither is increased used of technology both in research and in doing business. The way business is conducted have greatly been affected by e-commerce. Thus, the companies had to change so as to utilize the effects of e-commerce for their benefits in the long run. (http//www,secifo.com/dsvsj/599.htm) on that point are several factors that motivated Pfizer Inc. to merge with Warmer-La mbert Co. Each of the companies had its motivational factors by generally both companies need to stabilize them product portfolio and reduce the dependence on more or less few key products. (http//www.secifo.com/dsvsj.599.htm). Another motivating factor was the increased need of increase their rate of growth. other factors that motivated the amalgamation include increased in revenue, better research and development (R&D) and more cost cutting.Terms of transactionPfizer paid a premium of 34% to Warmer-Lambert in the jointure that resulted to Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert combining to act the largest pharmaceutical community in the world at that time. Shareholders of Warmer-Lambert got 2.75 shares of Pfizer common stock for each share of common stock held in Warmer-Lambert. The Warmer-Lambert shares were valued at $98.31 per one unit by the closing prices of October 1999 against $ 35.75 per one unit of Pfizer shares by the closing price of February 4, 2000. This represented a premium of 34% (http//www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105& allegory=/www/story/06-19-2000/0001246843)The social club expected to have combined annual revenue of approximately $28 billion. The company expects a 13% growth on compounded annual revenue and 25% growth in payment (The Birmingham Post). The expected market capitalization is more than $230 billions. later the merger 61% of the new company will be held by the Pfizer shareholders while the tarrying 39% will be held by the Warmer-Lambert shareholders (http//www.pfizer.ca/english/newsroom/press%20releases/default.asp?s=1& melodic line=2000&releaseID=29).The paygrade of the target firm can be done as calculation of the future value of the companyFV = PV (1+2)nFrom this we can be able to weigh the valuation of the target company usingDPV = FY / (1+a) nWhere FV = Future valueDV = Present valueI = opportunity costN = no of geezerhoodFV = $ 90 billion x (1+0.01) 190 x 1.01$ 90.9 billions.After getting the future value, the discounted present value can be calculated as90.9 billions / (1+14%) 114% is got by adding the growth rate representing the opportunity cost and the risk factor which we assume to be 1%90.9 / (1.0 + 0.14)1(90.9 / 1.14)79.74 billions.In the valuation there are several presumptuousness made.One of the assumptions is that the risk factor is kindred to one percent. The other assumption is that the opportunity cost is Warmer-Lambert merging with Pfizer is equivalent to the growth rate expected. Thus the assumed discount rate is expected to be 14% that is, combining the opportunity cost and the risk factor. Another assumption made I s that the future value is calculated afterwards only one grade therefore making the period n to be equal to 1.There are several risks that come with making the above assumptions. If the actual risk factor of the market is different from the assumed risk factor of one percent then the outcome of the valuation will not be accurate. This is risk as it whitethorn give a wrong ideal of the effect of a decision, for example the decision of Warmer-Lambert to merge with Pfizer Another risk is inherent because of the assumption that the opportunity cost is equal to the growth rate expected. In the real business environment this may results that are not accurate. This may lead to making a decision based on wrong information. This may consequently lead to difficulties in the company or loss to the owners of the company.Pfizer mission have been to emerge as the leader in the pharmaceutical industry by the stunt of the new millennium. The company had aimed at becoming the to the highest degree valued company to all its stakeholders who included patients, doctors, insurers, investors and business partners. To achieve this, the company is committed to fling services of value to the stakeholders (Huff, A. Huff J. and Barr P 2000).To ensure that Pfizer remained of value to the stakeholder the company was committed to innovation so as to prov ide products of value to its customers. The company agnise that innovation was what could enable tit to continue being relevant to needs of its customers in the long run. As the customer needs were changing the company had to mention innovating to enable it to satisfy the needs of these customers.Pfizer in this regard was committed to continued Research and development productivity. Much effort and finances were invested in research and development so as to produce more relevant products in the market.Pfizer strategy of success in the market was takeing growth of existing products and expanding the range of products through innovations. This innovation was facilitated by increasing productivity of research and development (http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Feb_1/ai_53672006 ).Pfizers acquisition of Warmer-Lambert was a study and useful step in the Companys strategy toward attainment of its mission (http//goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5212317/Pfizer-Driving-Pe rformance-Through-Growth.html)..Acquisition of Warmer-Lambert by Pfizer was aimed at back up Business development. There are many benefits that this merger could help Pfizer to achieve. These benefits all worked for Pfizer in its quest to create the most valued pharmaceutical company to all its stakeholders.Acquisition of Warmer-Lambert helped Pfizer to get entrance fee to patent that Warmer-Lambert held. Warmer-Lambert held some(prenominal) patents and so upon the merge the two companies could benefit from the patents. Considering that the market condition was characterized by expiry of key patents meaning each of the companys advantage of holding patents was slowly decreasing. Thus, combining gave the two companies a great advantage as the new company could hold more patents (http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/M-R/McKinnell-Henry-A-Jr-1943.html).Pfizer acquisition could also lead to the company getting access to new and racial technologies in the other firm. Each of t he company was developed in its own way and had technological capabilities that were unique to its operations. This technology was in the form of processes and platforms which facilitated production and innovation. Combining these unique capabilities from two companies gave the resultants much power and benefits which could be denied from utilization of these technologies. Access to both technologies by one company gave it synergy thus compounding the benefits to be derived from the technologies. This synergetic combination of technology could help Pfizer advance its strategy of producing new lines of products through innovation. This technology could also help the company to sustain growth of its existing products (Aitkin M. and Baskaran S. 2000)As technology is a major component to research and development, access to new technology could boost Pfizers efforts in research and development. This boost in research and development could help the company to significantly reduce the cost of innovation. Consequently, reduction in cost of innovation could lead to reduction of the overall cost and so boost profits of the company. Reduction in costs could also help the company reduce the prices it charged for the product. Reduction in the prices could lead to increase in gross revenue as well as increasing the access of the products by greater number of customers. An increased access of the precuts by many more customers will help to serve their need by the company and thus meeting the main aim of the company that is making it the most valued company to various stakeholders.The acquisition by Pfizer helped the company to expand its products line. Acquiring Warner-Lambert made Pfizer the company with the broadest portfolio in the industry. The company had products in various categories which included women health, central nervous system disorders as well as in many other categories. This was in line with the companys aim of achieving a broad range of product instead of relying on a narrow range of products.The acquisition of Warmer-Lambert also gave Pfizer a big number of new products. I had eight products in the year of acquisition which brought in more than $1 billion in sales in that year. This was a great achievement for Pfizer, a company that was committed to increasing the contribution of innovation and research and development productivity. The achievement gave the company a boost toward attaining its overall aim.Combining the research operations of Pfizer and those of Warmer-Lambert produced the largest Research and development budget in the pharmaceutical industry. The new company had a budget of $4.78 billion set aside for research and development. The scientific rung of the company was more than twelve thousand. This showed the commitment to innovation and increased Research and development productivity (http//www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/01/23/ap4565943.html).Acquisition of Warmer-Lambert gives Pfizer much regard in the world and mak es it the most productive in sales and marketing in the industry. This increases the re pullation of the company among the stakeholders. The company also acquires some of brands which are highly regarded in the world. These brands take Schick and Zaritac 75 http//hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/ibd.morningstar.com/quicktake/standard/client/shell/AP707.html?ticker=PFE&valid=NO&MP=FP&pageidx=1&pageitemidx=2 Combination of Pfizer and Warner-Lambert the two fastest growing companies in the world in the pharmaceutical industry produces a large organizational with great might. This enables the new company to have strong mien in major international market. Because of its power, the organization will be able to conquer new markets and compete effectively (http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/633782.stm). canvass of merger surgical operation.a) The target, Warner-Lambert Company had a market capitalization of $60 billions in 1999. The acquirer, Pfizer had a market capitalization of $148.074 billions in that year (Financial Times 1999)After the merger between Pfizer and Warner-Lambert the new company had a market capitalization of $263,996 millions in 2001 (Financial times 10th May 2001). Before the merger Pfizer and Warner-Lambert had a nitty-gritty market of capitalization of $208.074 billions in 1999. After Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert their total market capitalization was 263.99 billions in May 2001. This was a major increase in only one year after the merger. The increase in the market capitalization after the acquisition signifies that it was beneficial. The merger was value enhancing in the short run for the investors who held shares in the company (Pryor F. 2001)b) After the merger of Pfizer Inc with Warner-Lambert Company the market reacted favorably to the new company. The combined market share increased from 7.8 percent to 8.2 percent after the merger (Http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/M-R/McKinnel-Henry-A-Jr-1943.htm/). The total Revenue of the company in the subsequent year increased by 11 percent to $29 billion and the income rose by 10.9 percent to $7.8 billions as compared to year 2000 performance. On February 1 the market price for Pfizer stock was $32.12 by closing. After the acquisition of Warner-Lambert the share prices rose steadily to a close of $48.00 in 1st June 2000. This indicates that in the short run the market was favoring the merger between the two companies (Http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/historical.asp?symbol=DFE) Generally the market reacted favorably to the merger in the short run. The market prices rose, the revenue and income rose as well as market capitalization.c) Performance of the merger by return to shareholders. The merger between Pfizer and Warner-Lambert indicated good performance in the short run. The two giant companies merged to form one truly powerful company. The good performance was reflected in the market prices of the new company shares as well as in the m arket share revenue and earnings. The returns to shareholders also increased in the year that followed the merger. In 2001 a year after the merger the earnings of Pfizer grew considerably to reach 1-22 per share (http//www.thestreet.com/tech/adamfeuerstein/10005524.html) In 2002 the earnings per share was $1.46 Revenue was $32.29413. This indicated a positive growth. It showed that the merger between the two giants was paying off for the heartbeat year consequently. In 2003 the earnings fell to 0.54 indicating a negative growth. Revenue was $44.73614. This showed a slump in the benefit that had been derived from the merger in the previous year. though the performance of Pfizer modify the years that followed the performance of 2003 were so discouraging and brought fear that the merger may not bring as much benefits as it had been expected earlier. In general the performance of the merger was positive to returns to the shareholders. It worked to improve the wealth of the shareholder s by increasing the earnings per share and market capitalization. This was possible as the company was able to cut on cost, increase market share and consequently increase Revenue. http//www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2004/financial/financial2004.pdf.) rating and prognosis of merger between Pfizer and Warner-Lambert.a) M&A effects on Pfizers long term position in its product market areas.There had been both positive and negative effects experienced as a result of the merger between Pfizer and Warner-Lambert. The short run was characterized by very encouraging positive results. These results showed that the company was achieving its goal of becoming the most valued pharmaceutical company to all its stakeholders. The positive effects were evident in the performance of the company. right off after the merger with Warner-Lambert, the stock prices shot up, the revenue soared and earnings increased. The market capitalization increased significantly. All the indicators showed that the c ompany was headed for excellence in all aspects in the industry. It was able to increase its market share to a bigger percentage than the combined market share of the companies before the merger. However, in the long run Pfizer performance does not reflect the earlier exhibited positive growth. There had been a slack in the trend of growth that had been observed in the short run after the merger with Warner-Lambert. The merger between the two giant companies which had been declared the first and second fastest growing companies in the pharmaceutical industry was aimed at creating one giant company with great power to foster increase growth and development. The goal was to establish strong international presence in all major markets in the industry. Merging with Warner-Lambert made the new company the biggest in the industry with a huge budget of Research and development (Knack R. 2000). Glaxo merged with Smith Kline to form GlaxoSmithkline a company that was bigger than Pfizer after acquiring Warner-Lambert. Thus the leadership role that Pfizer wanted to have was overtaken. The competitive advantage that had accrued to Pfizer as the largest company in the industry with ability to carry out costly researches and conquer new markets as well as release many new markets, diminished. Though Pfizer tried to fight further by putting more efforts through other acquisition it never gave much impact. Pfizer acquired Pharmacia but the impact was not as big as when it acquired Warner-Lambert (Ramrattan L. and Szenberg M. 2006). The performance of Pfizer has not been as was expected considering its performance in the short run shortly after the merger. The stock prices had risen to $46 but this is not the case now. The stock prices have been decreasing steadily from $46 in June 2000 to $22.33 as of Friday February 2008. This shows that, instead of improving the company is facing some difficulties in operation (http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshort/hist orical/asp?symbol=PFE).The companys performance has been below the industrys performance since 2005 to present. The performance is also below the S&P 500 index or performance of the pharmaceutical industry. (http//www.thestreet.com/tech/adamfeuerstein/10005524.html). Homer Pfizer has struggled to restructure its operations and remain relevant in the market. This restructure was in various operations of the company and even in the leadership. The chief executive officer was changed (http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/M-R/McKinnell-Henry-A-Jr-1943.html). The declining performance of Pfizer had been characterized by loss of some share of the market thus reducing the size of the market it had captured in 2000 after the merger.Pfizer, after much restructuring and leadership of a new CEO, have managed to remain one of the biggest in the industry with a market capitalization of $152,510 millions. The leading company in this industry is Johnson & Johnson which have a market capita lization of $180,004 millions. Pfizer is the second and Glaxo Smithkline PLC is the third with a market capitalization of $132,384 million (http//hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/ibd.morningstar.com/quicktake/standard/client/shell/AP707.html?ticker=PFE&valid=NO&MP=FP&pageidx=1&pageitemidx=2). Generally, the merger of Pfizer and Warner-Lambert helped Pfizer to gain some crucial benefits that helped the company to establish itself better in the market place. The population, Research and development muscle and acquisition of significant patents were major boosts for Pfizer. By acquiring Warner-Lambert, Pfizer got 100% ownership of the Lipitar patent which was one of the major products that have contributed to Pfizer good performance. However this have been in the short run and for the company to establish a firm long lasting position in its product market will require adoption of another strategy which will produce more long term benefits (Cerami C. 2000).b) Major changes to strategic de cisions and directions to improve performance and prospects.There are some various changes that the Pfizer Inc can undertake so as to improve its performance in the short run and in the long run.Technology use.Pfizer can adopt a more purposeful use of technology to improve its performance. Technology is a powerful business tool which can be very useful in turning performance of a company round. Technology can be used in research, production of products, management and administration and in marketing (Du Boff R. 2000). In the modern world online commerce is rife and the companies utilize this opportunity for marketing its products to more areas of the world.The company should adapt a technology strategy which should be aimed at establishing new products, managing operations, establishing new markets and increasing competitive advantage ion the already established markets. Technology can improve operations of the company by better using the technology to manage information and communi cation in the company as well as establishing controls in the work. These are the aspects of the company that will help it to cut on administration costs as well as achieve more efficiency and hence increasing customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction will in turn lead to improved sales and profitability of the company (Beltran L. 2000).Technology can also achieve a lot in production. Adapting high technology may be expensive at cost but the benefit derived will be major and long lasting. Besides that, good technology will lead to improved efficiency in production which will consequently lead to reduction in cost and improvement in quality of the products (Carey D and Ogden D. 2004).Explore new marketInstead of depending on the already established market, Pfizer should put more effort in market research so as to determine other effectiveness markets for its products. Earlier entry will give the company an upper hand than its competitors in the new market. Technology can be used to help in assessing the potential of these markets and also in identifying their specific needs so as to develop the products required for that market. This will enable the company to continue being relevant to more people of the world and thus further its effort of being the most valued pharmaceutical company to all the people of the world. Other efforts should be put to explore all potential markets so as to ensure all feasible opportunities available are utilized for the benefit of the company. The company should keep on evaluating its market and the industry. The market conditions in the modern world are characterized by rapid and more unpredictable changes and thus for a company to survive the instability that comes with unpredictable markets a lot of efforts have to be put in market scanning and evaluation of the industry.Consequently if a company want to be the leader in its industry a lot more have to be done. The company besides scanning the market has to put up a strategy that will help it to manage change effectively as well as project the market with a bigger degree of certainty and accuracy. The company should always be ahead of others and so should apply proactive measures instead of waiting to react to issues.Product range.The company should not rely on a few main products for its success in business. The company has a big range of products which should be marketed well so as to establish themselves better in the market and thus earn the company much revenue. Most of the products of the company can do better if more efforts can be used to market the products. The company should make up a marketing strategy aimed at conducting intensive marketing of all products. This will help the company to increase revenue got form all products instead of relying on revenue from a few products.Marketing can be done by utilizing emerging aspects of the market conditions. An example of such aspects includes electronic commerce. Pfizer can put up a strategy of c onducting intensive online marketing and then conduct sales through electronic commerce.Pfizer should also try to market its image to European and American authorities as this will give it more easier job when it comes to lobbying for credential of new products. These measures will help the company avert problems that it had faced in the past due to delay in approval of some of its new products (Dubois W. 2003). agile approval of products will help the company to start benefiting from its investment in the product as early as possible. Early approval of a prod7uct will also help to reduce the opportunity cost that comes up with such delaysAcquisitionPfizer should reconsider its strategy of acquisition so as to gain bureau in the market. Though acquisition brings a lot of benefits, there are equally big costs involved from experience the benefits are not very long term so Pfizer should examine new strategies instead of being invested through acquisition can be invested in research of a potential market.ReferenceAitkin M Baskaran S. Lamarre E. Silber M. Waters S. A License to Cure. The McKinsey Quarterly, 2000.Associated press. Market performance. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/ibd.morningstar.com/quicktake/standard/client/shell/AP707.html?ticker=PFE&valid=NO&MP=FP&pageidx=1&pageitemidx=2BBC. Drug giants merge. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/633782.stmBeltran L. (2000). Earnings Growth Redefined. Black Enterprise, Vol. 30, July 2000Business wire. Warner-Lambert announces Goodes to retire. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Feb_1/ai_53672006Businessweek. Earnings. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings.asp?symbol=PFECarey D. Ogden D. (2004). The Human Side of M & A How CEOs Leverage the Most Important Asset in Deal Making. Oxford University Press.Cerami C. Is Bigger truly Better? Insight on the News, Vol. 16, March 6, 2000.Du Boff R.(2000) Herman E. Mergers, Concentration, and the Erosion of Democracy Monthly Review, Vol. 53, May 2000.Dubois W. (2003). Drug Research, the Extraterritorial Application of FDA Regulations, and the Need for International Cooperation. Vanderbilt Journal of transnational Law, Vol. 36, 2003.Financial times May 10, 2001. Special reports. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 fromForbes.com. Pfizer 4Q profit falls but beat view. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/01/23/ap4565943.htmlFTC Grants Final Clearance for Pfizer/Warner-Lambert Merger, Transaction realized Today. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/06-19-2000/0001246843Goliath. Driving performance through growth. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5212317/Pfizer-Driving-Performance-Through-Growth.htmlhttp//specials.ft.com/ft 500/may2001/FT36H8Z8KMC.htmlhttp//www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2004/financial/financial2004.pdfhttp//www.pfizer.com/home/http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/M-R/McKinnell-Henry-A-Jr-1943.htmlHuff, A. Huff J. and Barr P (2000). When Firms careen Direction. Oxford University Press, 2000.Knack R. Pfizer Fords a River. Planning, Vol. 66, June 2000Mercola J. (2000). Pfizer to buy Warner-Lambert for $90 billion. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.mercola.com/2000/feb/13/pfizer_warner_lambert.htmPfizer. Annual reports 2004. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 fromPfizer. Pfizer and Warner agree to merger. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.pfizer.ca/english/newsroom/press%20releases/default.asp?s=1&year=2000&releaseID=29Pfizer. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 fromPryor F. (2001). Dimensions of the Worldwide Merger Boom. Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 35, 2001.Ramrattan L. Szenberg M. (2006) Global Competition and the United States Pharmaceutical Industry. A merican Economist, Vol. 50.Referenceforbusiness.com. McKinnell-Henry. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 fromSecurities and Exchange Council. Facing our future together. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.secinfo.com/dsVsj.599.htm1stPageThe Birmingham Post (England). Pfizer Looks to Global Leadership after Pounds 57bn Takeover of Warner-Lambert. February 8, 2000The street.com. Pfizer keeps its outlook on positive side. Retrieved on February 15, 2008 from http//www.thestreet.com/tech/adamfeuerstein/10005524.html

The inadequacy of motivation Essay

Sixth, there are some individuals who are more than fortunate than others because of their sicknesses and the discrimination that goes along with it. For example, there may be assimilators who suffer from human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and they tend to swing out of school because of discrimination (Cape.. , 2006). Other bookmans may feel and believe that they might catch the akin virus if somebody carries it around the school, this consequently scares these students and will surely discriminate the student suffering from HIV/AIDS (Cape.., 2006).Of course the latter will feel alone and discriminated and will force himself or herself to equitable forget about his or her dreams and drop out of school instead (Cape.. , 2006). Comparing to students who do non carry any medical condition, they are more palmy in college than those who are sick. Seventh is tagged as the inadequacy of balance between analytical, creative, as well as, critical thinking (Smith, 1923).A college studen t should learn the skills of thinking analytically, creatively and critically to be able to survive through the courses needed to be accomplished to give the sack college, for without the aforementioned skills, it would be fairly difficult to pass college courses, much less finish a degree (Smith, 1923). For some students who are not analytical, creative and critical thinkers, they are less successful as compared with those who are.Last but not least has something to do with the culture of the learners environs The first one that belongs to this category is technically referred to as the inadequacy of motivation (Smith, 1923). The trick here is to whop the reason for studying. The student should know what his or her goals and objectives are, otherwise, when difficulties emerge, the student will have no motivation or reason to move on (Smith, 1923). The second is known as the attitude of giving up well (Smith, 1923).Everybody knows that it takes dedication, time, effort, patience , and a lot of mental energy to digest a new learning that if a student is bound to easily give up and get bored over repetition of things then virtually likely he will end up leaving college without graduating (Smith, 1923). Some students in college are more successful depending on their motivation and attitude.ReferencesCape Gateway. (2006). Social Issues Affecting School. Retrieved November 13, 2007 from http//www.focusas.com/BehavioralDisorders.html

Cultural Assimilation and American Music Artists

easily afternoon e actuallyone, today i am going talk to the highest degree the impact of americanization, First of totally i will talk abiut some background of americanization and then i will talk about the positive and negative impact of it. what does americanisation mean? The word, of couse has many meanings,definitions and descriptions. the impact and influence of the US on the culture, politics,business practices and technology of opposite countries. Nowadays, battalion view America in the form of a role model and a leader in influencing other countries and have their culture blended in. deals, traditions, and ways of life. Do you notice that American culture has gradually assimilated into our society? Have you ever thought of how Americanization affects our daily life? However, it can be argued that the American culture domination poses a threat to culture diversity. Ranging from Hollywood, popular music, fast food to Disney cartoons, the creative activity in which we li ve in would be imbued with less local colour. Unique festivals and rites celebrated by people of different culture round the world which filled the world with vibrancy are on the line of extinction.In addition, americanisation can also have other downsides,American culture has affected the mentality of Asians such as outgrowth in the number of abortion rates, illegitimate children and the surge in the number of single parents in there. Traditionally, were very conservative and the abovementioned problems were uncommon and condemned. This shows that the American culture has indirectly affected the mentality of Asians although people generally disapprove of single parenting and abortion, the statistics prove otherwise.The spread of American media including TV, film and American music artists, has been the main component of Americanization of other countries. American TV shows are broadcast around the world. Many of the shows are broadcast through American broadcasters and their sub sidiaries such as HBO Asia, CNBC Europe, Fox Channel and CNN International. All of what is known as the big four American broadcasters have international distributors, for example HBO broadcasts to over 20 countries. Many of these distributors broadcast mainly American programing on their TV channels.