Knowledge Based Systems

What is a fellowship-based frame? A system which is built around a noesis base. i. e. a collection of intimacy, taken from a gentleman, and stored in such a way that the system abide source with it. Example System What is the patients name? User George Smith System What is the patients hop on? User 52 years System Is the patient male or female? User Male System What argon the symptoms? User head ache dizziness upset stomach high fever System When did these symptoms for the first time appear? User 23/03/2002System I conclude that the patient has a viral infection , my recommendation is that he should take two aspirin, absorb plenty of fluid, get lots of rest. What is knowledge? Knowledge is the sort of reading that people subroutine to solve paradoxs. Knowledge includes facts, concepts, procedures, models, heuristics, and so forth Knowledge may be * specific or general * exact or dazed * procedural or declarative What is an skilful system? * A particular(a) potpou rri of knowledge-based system * One in which the knowledge, stored in the knowledge base, has been taken from an expert in some particular field.Therefore, an expert system can, to a authorized extent, act as a substitute for the expert from whom the knowledge was taken. What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with exploring such aspects of humans (and other animal) mental activity as * understanding * creativity * intuition * problem-solving * consciousness * using language * Intelligence by simulating them using computers. It is therefore closely connected with such social sciences as * psychology * linguistics * philosophy Applied Artificial IntelligenceWhat is applied AI? Applied AI is concerned with producing softw are which is intelligent It is intelligent in that it is based on what we know nearly human reasoning and other mental abilities We are therefore talking about a branch of advanced deliberation computer technology rather th an social science Knowledge engineering The term knowledge engineering is often used to mean the assist of designing, go oning and installing an expert system or other knowledge-based system. whatever authors use the term to mean just the knowledge acquisition phase. ExpertsAn expert is an experienced practitioner in his/her particular field. More than that, he/she is a highly effective problem-solver and decision-taker in that field. Experts pee three qualities * They make considerably decisions * They make those decisions quickly * They are able to cope with a broad range of problems. Experts and expert systems Note that The task that an expert system performs go out generally be regarded as difficult. An expert system almost endlessly operates in a rather narrow field of knowledge. The field of knowledge is called the knowledge discipline of the system.There are m each field where expert systems can usefully be built. There are also many fields where they cant. Note also that an expert can usually relieve and justify his/her decisions. Reasons for building an E. S. One might build an expert system for any or all of the following reasons * To archive an experts knowledge, to insure against the day when he/she leaves, or retires, or dies. * To disseminate his/her knowledge, so that it is available in more (possibly many more) places than the localisation of the expert. * To ensure unity of advice/decisions. As a basis for training other specialists. Advantages of expert systems E. S. have the following advantages over human experts * The knowledge is permanent * The knowledge is considerably replicated * The knowledge is represented explicitly, and can be evaluated * The system is consistent whereas human practitioners have bad days, computers dont. * Once built, running be are low Disadvantages of expert systems a) Developing an expert system usually costs a great deal of time & money b) Historically, there has been a high failure rate in E.S. projects * The project may good fail during victimisation most likely during the knowledge acquisition phase. * The development may succeed, but the organisation may fail to accept and use the finished system. c) A human expert can update his/her knowledge in the heat of * Common sense * Knowledge derived from other domain * Contacts with other experts. An expert system cant. Choosing an E. S. project a) Because of cost, and the danger of failure, it is grand that E. S. projects are carefully chosen. ) The expense must be justified, in the light of the possible benefits. c) E. S. technology must be appropriate a. the right kind of expertise is involved b. Make sure it isnt a problem which conventional programming could do better. d) Management, and the participants, must support the project fully. assertable expert systems case histories For discussion The following seven problem areas may, or may not, be suitable for computerisation as expert systems. * A certain third worl d country has a large population, very a couple of(prenominal) trained doctors, and insufficient resources to train many more.It is put upd to provide paramedics, who can be trained relatively cheaply and easily, with medical kits and portable PCs, each PC to be loaded with an expert system that can advise on the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of common diseases. * The housing division in a provincial English town is overworked, although the staff swage is quite low. Much of the work the staff do involves interviewing clients, and there is a clear pattern of questioning (which varies to a limited degree, depending on the stack of the client). It is proposed to build an expert system, which will direct the questioning process. A regular of wine importers relies heavily on its chief wine expert, who is skilled at selecting wines that are destined to be popular, on the basis of their taste, colour, scent etc. She is soon to retire. It is proposed to build an expert system t hat will enable any of several junior wine specialists to do her job. * An education authority has a severe shortage of primary school teachers. It is proposed that an expert system should be built which can do the job of teaching English and arithmetic to five year old children. * A software social club proposes to build an expert system which can perform book-keeping for small commercial concerns. A large manufacturer of diesel electric locomotives has problems in providing enough sustainment personnel who are sufficiently skilled to locate faults in these (highly complex) locomotives. They propose to build an expert system which can perform fault location on such a machine. * A mineral exploitation company wishes to extend its operations, which involve searching for hitherto undiscovered deposits of valuable coat ores. It is short of trained geologists. It proposes to build an expert system which can survey a geological site and come to a conclusion about how likely it is th at there is a worthwhile mineral deposit there.